Acid Rain by Julian Seow

trees killed by acid rain

http://images.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=statues%20affected%20by%20acid%20rain&imgurl=http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/images/wsci_01_img0009.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/A-Bi/Acid-Rain.html&usg=__37Hsq23Qw8jd3hk8Z5mCeLFF0bI=&h=249&w=336&sz=22&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=JnDVMZaEUEI0hM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstatues%2Baffected%2Bby%2Bacid%2Brain%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DG%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-GB:official%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&client=firefox-a&sa=G&rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:official&tbs=isch:1&start=14#tbnid=JnDVMZaEUEI0hM&start=18

statue damaged by acid rain
http://english.china.com/zh_cn/tourism/news/11020847/20071107/14450790.html
fish killed by acid rain

http://images.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=acid%20rain%20and%20fish&imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01320/acid%2520rain/Images/acid%2520rain/fish.jpg&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01320/acid%2520rain/answers.html&usg=__jPaAAi1ljiVh7uEwvrXLkhNjPyo=&h=288&w=432&sz=41&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=SopcjBI_2Ord0M:&tbnh=84&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dacid%2Brain%2Band%2Bfish%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DG%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-GB:official%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&client=firefox-a&sa=G&rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:official&tbs=isch:1&start=0#tbnid=SopcjBI_2Ord0M&start=3

How acid rain is formed
http://www.jamesglass.org/JGA/2labor/Z_laborIMAGES/00general/0-5_glossary/acid_rain.gif

Signboard showing how acid rain kills rivers

http://images.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=statues%20affected%20by%20acid%20rain&imgurl=http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/images/wsci_01_img0009.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/A-Bi/Acid-Rain.html&usg=__37Hsq23Qw8jd3hk8Z5mCeLFF0bI=&h=249&w=336&sz=22&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=JnDVMZaEUEI0hM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstatues%2Baffected%2Bby%2Bacid%2Brain%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DG%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-GB:official%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&client=firefox-a&sa=G&rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:official&tbs=isch:1&start=14#tbnid=JnDVMZaEUEI0hM&start=18

My topic is acid rain. Acid rain falls when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide is released in to the air.

Power plants release majority of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide when they burn fossil fuels, such as coal to produce electricity, exhaust from cars, trucks and buses also release these pollutants which cause acid rain.

Acid rain can cause diseases like asthma and chronic bronchitis which will make it harder to breathe.

Congress passed a law called the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, and this law said that EPA should start the Acid Rain Program. The goal of the program was to achieve significant environmental and public health benefits through reductions in emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x).

To reduce acid rain I will turn off all electrical appliances when not in use and take public transport.

Air Pollution by Eu Chun Yong

Air pollution caused by factories

URL:http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/pollution-overview.html

Air pollution caused by factories

http://earthconcern.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/air-pollution.jpg

There are natural and human-made causes of air pollution.
Natural causes of pollution may include forest fires and volcano eruptions as well as vegetation, oceans and decay processes in soil.
Fossil fuels (oil, gas & coal) are the largest man-made sources of air pollution – they are widely used in industry and everyday life.
Industrial processes involving some chemical reactions may also release significant amounts of pollution into the air.
Industrialization, population growth and globalization are the fundamental drivers of pollution, the very roots of the gigantic pollution tree.
People have no choice but to breathe the air around them. When it is polluted, they breathe in ozone, particles and harmful gases that can hurt their lungs, heart, and overall health. Air pollution can cause coughing, burning eyes, and breathing problems. Fortunately, people usually start to feel better as soon as the air quality improves, but not always.
Although people have no choice but to breathe the air around them, they do have choices that can help them stay healthy. They can choose to stay indoors or be less active on poor air quality days. They can avoid high-traffic and highly industrialized areas whenever possible. They can also choose to support collective efforts and take individual steps that reduce air pollution.



Singapore government implemented the: Environmental Pollution Control Act
This policy consolidates all the environmental regulations and related measures. Regarding climate change, it regulates the emissions from any industrial or commercial plant or household. It limits the air pollutants that can be released and the activities that cause air pollution.

What I can do to reduce air pollution
1. Ride a bicycle, walk or take public transport.
2. Try not to use the air conditioner.
3. Use less electricity

Gambling by Nicholas Tan

Gambling is a big problem in countries.The main causes are to escape from emotional stress and psychological distress,the thrill of easy money,people with anxiety and a big win at a casino might all lead to a gambling addiction.People on earth can be divorced,in debt or even commit suicide all thanks to gambling.

The National Council Of Problem Gambling is an agency that counsels addicted gamblers.I can help by not gambling and show a good example.I can also tell people not to gamble as it could ruin their lives.

Everyone can also help by not gambling and tell people not to gamble.
url:www.hongkongtravel.org.uk/tourist-attractionsracecourse.html
Caption:Horse racing,another form of gambling.

url:rhyanmiraflores.blogspot.com

Caption:A slot machine,another form of gambling.

url: http://www.kevineverettfoundation.com/

Caption: A person who got lucky and got blackjack and won many chips.

Caption: Where people gamble, a casino.

url: http://www.flickr.com/

Caption:This is a game of roulette.

http://www.blogger.com/quamut.com

Acid Rain by Coco Lim

What are the primary causes of Acid Rain? Acid Rain is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Most sulfur dioxide comes from powerplants that use coal as their fuel. These plants emit 100million tons of sulfur dioxide, 70% of that in the world.

Automobiles produce about half of the world's nitrogen oxide. As the number of automobiles in use increases, so does the amount of Acid Rain. Power plants that burn fossil fuel also contribute significantly to nitrogen oxide emission. Though human causes are primarily responsible for Acid Rain, natural causes exists as well. Fires , volcanic eruptions, bacterial decomposition and lightning also greatly increase the amount of nitrogen oxide on the planet. However even the gigantic explosion of Mt. St. Helen's released only about what one coal power plant emits in a year. Once the tiny pollutant molecules have entered the atmosphere, they can travel for thousands of miles.

Eventually the particles will combine with other compounds to produce new, often harmful chemicals. Acid Rain comes down to earth in the form of rain, snow, hail. fog, frost or dew. Once it reaches the ground, the acidity in the substance can harm and even destroy both natural ecosystems and man-made products, such as car finishes.

What's being done?

Because of these problems and the adverse effects air pollution has on human health, a number of steps are being taken to reduce sulfur and nitrogen emissions. Most notably, many governments are now requiring energy producers to clean smoke stacks by using scrubbers which trap pollutants before they are released into the atmosphere and catalytic converters in cars to reduce their emissions. Additionally, alternative energy sources are gaining more prominence today and funding is being given to the restoration of ecosystems damaged by Acid Rain worldwide.

URL: http://www.trendsupdates.com/acid-rain-when-it-all-falls-back-down (Up)

Caption:(Top) This is a forest damaged by Acid Rain

This is the diagram of how acid rain forms.(Right)

URL:http://www.jsf.or.jp/tamatebako/acid_e/acid01.html (Right)

URL: http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology112/Images/acidrain.jpg (Up)

The leaf's nutrients have been washed away by Acid rain and will soon die.(Up)

URL: http://science.howstuffworks.com/acid-rain2.htm

This is the Taj Mahal that got damaged by Acid Rain and got repainted to look normal.(Up)

URL: http://ehso.com/ehshome/acidrainphp (Down)

This is the map of Europe that shows which states has the different risks of Acid Rain.(Down)

Pollution by Daniel Lee Wei-En

Pollution is contaminating the world that we are living in today.There are 4 main types of pollution. They are :Land,Air,Water and Noise pollution.There are many other forms of pollution too. Pollution is happening on a worldwide scale and it is all because of man's carelessness and foolishness.Man dumps poisonous chemicals into the sea, releases poisonous gases into the air and litters the land.

A factory releases huge clouds of black smoke

http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/wc.notes/13.air.pollution/smoke.stack.pollution.jpg

Mass deaths of fish in a river caused by poisoned water

http://i.treehugger.com/images/2007/10/24/china-pollution-prob-001.jpg

Man is suffering now as he cannot catch fresh fish as the poisons have killed many of them. We are also not breathing in fresh air because of air pollution.

Human activities foul up the sea and beaches

http://fladoodles.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/coastal_pollution.jpg

Irresponsible picnickers litter the land

http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/files/2009/05/litter.jpg

Noise pollution causes hearing problems. Species of plants and animals are going to be extinct because they are so threatened. Drinking poisonous water can kill many people gradually. People in Africa can go hungry if acid rain falls and crops die because of pollution. Pollution also contributes to global warming.

Many countries are taking action by issuing carbon emission controls and the Clean Air Act, the Noise Control Act, the Clean Water Act, and EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).

Governments are also raising awareness amongst the public by putting up signs telling people not to litter and would be fined if caught littering. Countries are also checking on factories to whether they are polluting the land, air or water.

A big bold sign to remind people not to throw their rubbish out of vehicles
http://www.azlitter.org/20050401/images/01_DontLitterSign.jpg

I can help by raising awareness amongst the public by telling people not to litter or pollute. I can also do my part not to litter and plant more greenery to freshen the air which we breathe.

Global Warming By Benjamin Ngiam

Global Warming



Global warming is due to various causes, such as pollution from factories, excessive burning of fossil fuels and methane emissions from animals. The growing global market has led to increased pollution from factories. Increased international traveling and transportation of goods also contribute to greater carbon dioxide emission from the burning of gasoline.


This is a global warming mindmap.


Diagram by courtesy of taschool.org



There is now a growing concern that global warming can cause drastic climactic changes that will disrupt our lives. Increasingly, we are experiencing extreme weather events such as prolonged snow fall or droughts.


Global warming causes prolonged snowfall.


Source - http://www.monctonblogger.com/2009/11/snowstorm-will-miss-the-moncton-area-dodged-10-20cm-of-snow/



Global warming causes a drought.


Source - http://www.ourplanet.org.uk/drought-climate-change.asp



Global warming has also led to a rise in sea level due to the melting of the ice caps at the polar regions.

Polar bears are often left standing on melting icebergs.


courtesy of dailymail.org


The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States monitors the condition of the atmosphere and the oceans.


To help stop global warming, we should reduce, reuse and recycle. Planting trees, carpooling and buying local produce are other simple ways to reduce global warming.


Everyone can help in the international effort to reduce global warming.


Source - http://www.staunton.va.us/about-staunton/environmental-programs-and-policies/recreation-and-parks-community-outreach

Drug Addiction by Yeo Jun Kai

A drug that originated from poor African kids that had no money to get high even if they wanted to. Ingredients: human waste and pee

http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images%3Fp%3Djenkem%26b%3D22%26ni%3D21%26ei%3DUTF-8%26rd%3Dr1%26xargs%3D0%26pstart%3D1%26fr%3Dyfp-t-712&w=336&h=277&imgurl=med-legend.com/mt/archives/images/2007/11/jenkem_l.jpg&rurl=http://med-legend.com/mt/archives/2007/11/post_1149.html&size=33k&name=jenkem+l+jpg&p=jenkem&oid=a19aa4921da67734&fr2=&no=41&tt=608&b=22&ni=21&sigr=11omo425j&sigi=11meg7sfu&sigb=13gf3k3ck

a mrijuana leaf that is rolled, then smoked
http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images%3Fp%3Dmarijuana&w=529&h=592&imgurl=z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/O/n/marijuana.jpg&rurl=http://chemistry.about.com/od/sciencefairprojects/ig/Science-Fair-Project-Pictures/Marijuana.-Lmo.htm&size=60k&name=View+Full+Size&p=marijuana&oid=cb953f3865bdec66&fr2=&no=11&tt=1090934&sigr=1354li02s&sigi=11d357k85&sigb=11rv12ijfna.jpg&rurl=http://chemistry.about.com/od/sciencefairprojects/ig/Science-Fair-Project-Pictures/Marijuana.-Lmo.htm&size=60k&name=View+Full+Size&p=marijuana&oid=cb953f3865bdec66&fr2=&no=11&tt=1090934&sigr=1354li02s&sigi=11d357k85&sigb=11rv12ijf

heroin, which is normally injected
http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images%3Fp%3Dheroin&w=231&h=182&imgurl=www.midwestdrugrehab.com/images/heroin1.jpg&rurl=http://www.midwestdrugrehab.com/heroin.php&size=37k&name=heroin1+jpg&p=heroin&oid=92142852694697f8&fr2=&no=1&tt=228634&sigr=11a6f45p4&sigi=11breg5be&sigb=11or1omtjjpg&rurl=http://www.midwestdrugrehab.com/heroin.php&size=37k&name=heroin1+jpg&p=heroin&oid=92142852694697f8&fr2=&no=1&tt=228634&sigr=11a6f45p4&sigi=11breg5be&sigb=11or1omtj

pills of ectasy
http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images%3Fp%3Decstasy%26b%3D1%26ni%3D21%26xargs%3D0%26pstart%3D1&w=520&h=358&imgurl=www.blakross.fo/upload/ecstasy_.jpg&rurl=http://www.blakross.fo/print.asp%3Fpage%3D3%26id%3D423&size=37k&name=ecstasy++jpg&p=ecstasy&oid=b986056ce695f028&fr2=&no=15&tt=233509&b=1&ni=21&sigr=11egj8567&sigi=1134q3idh&sigb=12kav9aba&imgurl=www.blakross.fo/upload/ecstasy_.jpg&rurl=http://www.blakross.fo/print.asp%3Fpage%3D3%26id%3D423&size=37k&name=ecstasy++jpg&p=ecstasy&oid=b986056ce695f028&fr2=&no=15&tt=233509&b=1&ni=21&sigr=11egj8567&sigi=1134q3idh&sigb=12kav9aba

packets of (crystal) meth
http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images%3Fp%3Dcrystal%2Bmeth%26ei%3Dutf-8%26y%3DSearch&w=625&h=420&imgurl=www.iir.com/centf/images/Meth_Crystal.jpg&rurl=http://www.wkhm.com/story.php%3Fmore_group%3D83%26more_block%3Dnews%26more_item%3D67953&size=92k&name=Meth+Crystal+jpg&p=crystal+meth&oid=0d917326e6b96740&fr2=&no=16&tt=18590&sigr=12b4svh1q&sigi=119vj13gc&sigb=12gma9lu38%26y%3DSearch&w=625&h=420&imgurl=www.iir.com/centf/images/Meth_Crystal.jpg&rurl=http://www.wkhm.com/story.php%3Fmore_group%3D83%26more_block%3Dnews%26more_item%3D67953&size=92k&name=Meth+Crystal+jpg&p=crystal+meth&oid=0d917326e6b96740&fr2=&no=16&tt=18590&sigr=12b4svh1q&sigi=119vj13gc&sigb=12gma9lu3

Drug addiction is a serious issue that cause people to have hallucinations, confusion, difficulty breathing, nausea, drowsiness, lost of appetite and many other bad effects.
It takes place because of the feeling of euphoria it gives the user. The user will depend on the drug and they will have heart disease, cancers and miscarriage.
The people who sell and distribute drugs will say it is “cool” and it is easy to stop the addiction and the “cool” people will do drugs. If you still do not want it, they will beat you up. Some drugs: cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, jenkem, meth, marijuana…ect ect. There are rehab centres that help people to end their drug cravings. They are constantly taking abusers of drugs to stop them. I can help the situation by not taking drugs and not encouraging others to do so.

Depletion of the Ozone Layer by Ryan Lim

Source:http://www.ozonedepletion.co.uk/monitoring-ozone-layer.html

This is a satellite that is monitoring the ozone layer.

Source:http://www.chs.k12.nf.ca/science/b3201/WebCT-Copy/units/unit1-01.htm

This is a diagram of how the ozone gets depleted and how scientists find out where all the ozone’s gone to.

Source:http://www.medicalecology.org/atmosphere/a_app_strat.htm

This is a diagram on the amount of ozone in the atmosphere. The more the colour’s side number is closer to 100, the less amount of ozone there is in that part of the atmosphere.

Source: http://www.jamaica-gleaner/20070829/int/int1.html

An iceberg floats in Australian Antarctic Territory. Scientists argue that climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer will trigger further melting in the world's polar regions.

Source: http://hubpages.com/hub/Ozone-Layer-Depletion-and-the-Montreal-Protocol

This is a tank of CFC.

Ozone is a colourless layer of gas found in the stratosphere, formed by UV radiation on oxygen. It protects lives from the harmful UV rays.

Nowadays, ozone is depleted at an alarming rate as reflected in the global warning phenomenon. The main cause of ozone depletion is a compound called chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), found mostly in refrigeration. In the stratosphere, CFC breaks down to release one chlorine atom due to UV radiation. A chlorine atom reacts with ozone and forms chlorine monoxide and one oxygen molecule. Then, chlorine monoxide reacts with an ozone molecule to form a chlorine atom. The process is repeated continuously which resulted in ozone depletion.

Most people don't know about ozone layer depletion which is harmful to their skin. It is impossible to stop the depletion of ozone layer but we can help to slow the depletion rate by minimizing the use of air-conditioning in our daily life.

Acid Rain by Perl Choo

Do you know the definition of acid rain? The definition of acid rain is the disposition of wet and dry acidic components. A more accurate term is "acid disposition".

Acid rain was discovered in 1852, but it was not until the late 1960s that scientists began widely observing and studying this issue. Scientists then found out that acid rain was caused by the disposition of wet and dry acidic components.

In 1980, NAPAP, short for the National Acidic Precipitation Assessment Programme researched on the effects of acid rain on historical buildings, monuments and building materials. It also funded extensive studies on atmospheric processes and potential control.

The effects of acid rain can kill insects and aquatic life-forms as well as damaging buildings and having impacts on human health such as breathing difficulties and skin irritations.

Some affected areas are Europe, the United States, Canada and China.

We can prevent acid rain occurring too often by cutting down on electricity usage, using public transport or walking. Walking is a good option as you get to exercise too. :)



Caption: This forest has many trees' leaves withered by acid rain.
Source from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Acid_rain_woods1.JPG



Caption: These fishes are poisoned by acid rain.
Source from:http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01320/acid%20rain/answers.html

Caption: This gargoyle statue has pock-marks in it due to acid rain.
Source from:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/-_Acid_rain_damaged_gargoyle_-.jpg


Caption: These trees have some of their branches corroded away.
Source from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/3761/39754/Spruce-trees-damaged-by-acid-rain-in-Karkonosze-National-Park


Caption: This statue's main structure has been corroded by acid rain, thus causing it to lean on one side.
Source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg